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Configuration Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) are essential elements in the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), and they primarily signal configuration changes within the network. When a switch sends out Configuration BPDUs, it includes information regarding its bridge ID, port ID, and the root ID of the switch. This communication helps maintain and update the switch’s view of the network topology.

The key role of Configuration BPDUs is to facilitate the election of the root switch and establish a loop-free topology by sharing information about the configuration of switches on the network. These BPDUs are used to convey that a switch has become a part of the topology and its current configuration, helping other switches learn about their state and the structure of the network.

For the other options, while errors, topology changes, and loop occurrences are all aspects that STP deals with, Configuration BPDUs do not specifically signal these situations. Instead, they are a means to communicate ongoing configuration changes, which is crucial for ensuring the performance and stability of the network.