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The command that allows you to verify neighboring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) information on a switch is most effectively represented by showing spanning tree details for a specific VLAN. By using 'show spanning-tree vlan [vlan-id]', you can see detailed information not only for the specified VLAN but also for its designated bridge, root bridge, and ports in the STP process, which indicates the STP state and related protocols for neighboring devices. This is crucial for understanding the topology and the status of the STP in a network, ensuring efficient path selection and preventing loops.

The other commands, while useful for various diagnostics and information retrieval within STP contexts, do not focus specifically on neighboring protocols. For instance, 'show spanning-tree status' is not a valid command in Cisco IOS, and 'show spanning-tree details' and 'show port status spanning-tree' may provide information about the broader STP status but would not specify the information related strictly to neighboring devices in the context of a specific VLAN. This specificity is what makes the chosen command most appropriate for verifying STP neighbor protocols effectively.